Notes

1. David Ricardo, On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (John Murray, 1817).

2. Geoffrey A. Moore, Dealing with Darwin: How Great Companies Innovate at Every Phase of Their Evolution (Portfolio, 2005).

3. Thomas H. Davenport and John C. Beck, The Attention Economy: Understanding the New Currency of Business (Harvard Business Press, 2001).

4. Joe Weinman, “The Evolution of Networked Computing Utilities,” Business Communications Review (November, 2007). http://joeweinman.com/Resources/WeinmanUtility.pdf.

5. Omar A. El Sawy, Arvind Malhotra, Sanjay Gosain, and Kerry M. Young, “IT-Intensive Value Innovation in the Electronic Economy: Insights from Marshall Industries,” MIS Quarterly 23, No. 3 (1999): 305–335.

6. Andrew McAfee and Erik Brynjolfsson, “Investing in the IT That Makes a Competitive Difference,” Harvard Business Review (July 2008). 86(7/8), pp. 98–106.

7. Chris Murphy, “IT Must Create Products, Not Just Cut Costs,” InformationWeek, March 12, 2011. www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/interviews/229300065.

8. Ibid.

9. Kara Sprague, conversation with the author, November 3, 2011.

10. Cyril Charney, Time to Market: Reducing Product Lead Time, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 1991.

11. Rob Shelton, conversation with the author, November 18, 2011.

12. Rena Granofsky, conversation with the author, January 24, 2012.

13. Vineet Nayar, Employees First, Customers Second: Turning Conventional Management Upside Down (Harvard Business Review Press, 2010).

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