Introduction

For most organizations, the quest for business intelligence (BI) has been closely tied with early 1990s-style data warehousing: batch-oriented data flows from source systems into a single data warehouse from which individuals run reports and analyses of interest to their respective job functions.

Since the late 1990s, some “early adopter” organizations have dabbled in real-time business intelligence for parts of their respective enterprises, but the results have been decidedly mixed. On the one hand, end users now have access to critical pieces of data much more rapidly than before as a result of the real-time data flows, and—in theory at least—are now in a much better position to make critical business decisions in a more timely ...

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