Chapter 8
Partial Molar Properties
8.a. Systems of Variable Composition
Thermodynamic properties like internal energy, enthalpy, free energy, entropy etc., are functions of two of the three variables, P, V and T of a system of constant composition. Since these variables are interrelated by an equation of state, any two of these can be taken as independent variables. For a closed system, any change in the thermodynamic property is due to a change in the state of the system and not due to addition or removal of matter. Thermodynamic functions such as U, H G, S etc. being extensive in nature, their values depend on the mass and chemical composition of the system. Thus, in the case of open systems (mass and chemical composition variable), the thermodynamic ...
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