C++ How to Program, 10/e

17.10 Standard Library Exception Hierarchy

Exceptions fall nicely into a number of categories. The C++ Standard Library includes a hierarchy of exception classes, some of which are shown in Fig. 17.10. As we first discussed in Section 17.2, this hierarchy is headed by base-class exception (defined in header <exception>), which contains virtual function what that derived classes can override to issue an appropriate error message. If a catch handler catches a reference to an exception of a base-class type, it also can catch a reference to all objects of classes derived publicly from that base class—this allows for polymorphic processing of related errors.

Fig. 17.10 Some of the Standard Library exception classes.

Immediate derived classes ...