Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, directories, Unix utilities, commands, and command-line parameters.

<...>

Angle-brackets surround elements that you need to specify in commands and command-line parameters when those elements appear inline, in italics.

Constant width

Indicates code or fragments thereof. For example, class names, method names, and the like are rendered in constant width whenever they appear in the text.

Constant width bold

Shows user-input in mixed, input/output examples.

Constant width italic

Indicates user-specified items in syntax examples.

Tip

Indicates a tip, suggestion, or general note.

Warning

Indicates a warning or caution.

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