Business Productivity Strategies for Success (Collection)

The History and Mystery of the Four Styles

Now that you better understand your behavioral style, let’s place it in some context. The wisdom of styles has existed for millennia. Twenty-four hundred years ago, Hippocrates described four humours, and Aristotle, four elements. Variations of the four styles continued to appear over the centuries. In modern times, Carl Jung identified four functions; Eduard Spränger, four value attitudes; Erich Fromm, four orientations. Even Pavlov noted four temperaments—and he was studying dogs! In his 1928 book, The Emotions of Normal People, William Marston designated four styles beginning with the letters D, I, S, and C. Marston freely offered the DISC styles to the world allowing them to be used without the burden ...