Studio cameras
As a relatively new director it is unlikely you will have a choice of, or even be interested in, the cameras used on the floor. The important point is that they should match each other, so that there is no visual jump in colour, resolution or picture quality when you cut between them.
CCD/tubes
The bit of the camera that detects light used to be a camera tube. Since the late 1980s tubes have been superseded by CCDs (charge-coupled devices), which is a type of electronic chip that responds to light.
CCDs have a number of advantages. They are much easier to line up, are more stable, handle overly bright lights better, are cheaper and lighter.
Frankly, using tube cameras was a bit of a pain.
Lightweight/heavyweight
One of the decisions ...
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