List of Abbreviations

AFLP
amplified fragment length polymorphism
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
BAC
bacterial artificial chromosome
BAM
binary alignment/map
BIC
Bayesian information criterion
BLAST
basic local alignment search tool
BWA
Burrows–Wheeler algorithm
BWT
Burrows–Wheeler transformation
cDNA
complementary DNA
CINEMA
color interactive editor for multiple alignments
cRNA
complementary RNA
dbGaP
database of genotypes and phenotypes
dbVar
database of variation
DDBJ
DNA data bank of Japan
DEG
differentially expressed genes
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
DP
dynamic programming
EMBL
European Molecular Biology Laboratory
EST
expressed sequence tag
ExPASy
expert protein analysis system
F81 model
Felsenstein (1981) model
FASTA
fast all
FDQN
fully quantified domain name
FPKM
fragment per kilobase of exon per million mappable reads
GATK
genome analysis toolkit
gi or GI
gene identity
GO
gene ontology
GOR
Garnier, Osguthorpe, and Robson
GSS
genome survey sequence
GTF
gene transfer format
GTR
generalized time‐reversible
GUI
graphical user interface
GWAS
genome‐wide association studies
HKY85 model
Hasegawa, Kishino and Yano (1985) model
IBL
internal branch length
InDels
insertion and deletions
INSDC
International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration
IUPAC
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
JALVIEW
Java alignment viewer
JC69 model
Jukes and Cantor (1969) model
K80 model
Kimura (1980) model
MACAW

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