SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

When Ed Koch was mayor of New York City, he began almost every press conference and meeting by asking, “How am I doing?”

Management also continually wants to know how it is doing. Unfortunately, that is not always an easy question to answer.

Managers are active people, generally with dual accountabilities: first to the Organization as a whole and second to their assigned functions. Often the decisions they are required to make for each seem in conflict. In addition, an increasing level of change demands problem solving but simultaneously provides tremendous opportunities.

It is relatively difficult for a manager to step back and evaluate the results while involved in the management process. Also difficult is obtaining some ...

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