There are various solutions to manage the complexity that performance-enhancing techniques can add. These usually work by reducing the amount of logic that you need to think about at any time by hiding the complications.
One option is to use frameworks that standardize how you write your application, which can make it easier to reason about. Another approach is to use an architecture that allows you to only think about small parts of your code base in isolation. By breaking up a complex app into manageable chunks, it becomes easier to work with.
This idea of modularity is related to the single responsibility principle (SRP), which is the first of the SOLID principles (the others are open/closed, Liskov substitution, interface ...
