GROUPING SETS implements advanced multiple GROUP BY operations against the same set of data. Actually, GROUPING SETS are a shorthand way of connecting several GROUP BY result sets with UNION ALL. The GROUPING SETS keyword completes all processes in a single stage of the job, which is more efficient. A blank set () in the GROUPING SETS clause calculates the overall aggregation. The following are a few examples to show the equivalence of GROUPING SETS. For better understanding, we can say that the outer level (brace) of GROUPING SETS defines what data UNION ALL is to be implemented. The inner level (brace) defines what GROUP BY data is to be implemented in each UNION ALL.
- Grouping set with one element of column pairs:
SELECT ...
