12.1. Operational Amplifier Integrator

The noninverting or inverting resistance-feedback amplifier can be converted into an integrator with the addition of a feedback capacitor, Cf, as shown in Fig. 12.1. Specifically, the feedback resistor is replaced with Cf, except that the resistor Rf must remain for dc stabilization purposes.

Figure 12.1. Opamp integrator. The resistor Rf in shunt with Cf is for opamp stabilization purposes.

The operation of the integrator can be explained as follows. For the initial discussion, assume that Rf is infinite. Upon application of a constant voltage Vs, a current is induced in Ry, which is

Equation 12.1 ...

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