11.2. Output Resistance of the Resistor Feedback Amplifier

The negative feedback of the amplifiers will alter the output resistance of the circuit. In the case of series – shunt feedback (noninverting amplifier) and the shunt – shunt (inverting amplifier), the output resistance will be reduced from that of the open-loop amplifier. This can be explained with the use of the circuit of Fig. 11.5, which shows a linear-model circuit for the amplifiers of Figs. 11.3 and 11.4, with the inputs set to zero.

Figure 11.5. Linear equivalent circuit for deriving opamp output resistance. Test voltage, Vo, is applied at the opamp output. The inputs are grounded for deriving the output resistance.

For the present purposes, a voltage-dependent voltage source ...

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