Preface
Long-term evolution advanced (LTE-A) and heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are high-speed wireless communication networks compared to traditional, flat IP-based networks. Fourth-generation (4G) heterogeneous networks improve the spectral efficiency with an optimum size of customers experiencing data rates in Gbps. HetNet combines a broad range of technologies such as device-to-device communication, machine-to-machine communication, Cloud RAT/RAN, multiple radio access networks, advanced coding and multiplexing, and multiple access techniques such as OFDM, OFDMA, and WCDMA to provide better coverage for indoor and outdoor applications. HetNet overcomes the theoretical limits of existing radio linking technologies and enhances wide spectrum ...
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