Advanced Signal Integrity For High-Speed Digital Designs

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APPENDIX A

USEFUL FORMULAS, IDENTITIES, UNITS, AND CONSTANTS

Constants

Decibels

Units

Time

Frequency

Length

Circuits

Vector Formulas

Theorems from Vector Calculus

Explicit Forms of Vector Operations

Cartesian (x, y, z)

Cylindrical (r, φ, z)

Spherical (r, θ, φ)

Coordinate Transformations

Rectangular to Cylindrical

Rectangular to Spherical

Cylindrical to Spherical

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