Introduction

Mac OS X: Built to Evolve

Complex systems come into existence in only two ways: through careful planning or through evolution. An airport is an example of something that is planned carefully beforehand, built, and then undergoes only minor changes for the rest of its existence. Complex organisms (like humans) are an example of something that has evolved continually from something simple. In the end, organisms that are well suited to evolution will always win out over organisms that are less suited to evolve.

An operating system evolves. Of course, the programmer who creates a new operating system designs it carefully, but in the end, an operating system that is well suited to evolution will replace an operating system that is not. ...

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