Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, filenames, and file extensions.

Constant width

Indicates computer code in a broad sense. This includes commands, options, switches, variables, attributes, keys, requests, functions, types, classes, namespaces, methods, modules, properties, parameters, values, objects, events, event handlers, XML tags, HTML tags, macros, the contents of files, and the output from commands.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Constant width italic

Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values determined by context.

Tip

This icon signifies a tip, suggestion, or general note.

Warning

This icon indicates a warning or caution.

Web sites and pages are mentioned in this book to help the reader locate online information that might be useful. Normally both the address (URL) and the name (title, heading) of a page are mentioned. Some addresses are relatively complicated, but you can probably locate the pages easier by using your favorite search engine to find a page by its name, typically by typing it in quotation marks. This may also help if the page cannot be found by its address; it may have moved elsewhere, so the name may be the only way to find the page.

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