Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Constant width

Indicates text you’re supposed to type, output from a command-line program, code examples, Registry keys, and paths to Registry keys.

Constant width italic

Indicates user-defined elements within constant-width text (such as filenames or command-line parameters). For example, Chapter 8 discusses a file encryption utility, cipher.exe, which has a variety of command-line options. A particular solution might instruct you to type:

cipher /r:filename

The italicized portion of this code, filename, signifies the element you’ll need to replace with whatever is applicable to your system or needs. The rest—the non-italicized portion—should be typed exactly as shown.

Bold

Identifies captions, menus, buttons, checkboxes, tabs, clickable links, keyboard keys, drop-down lists and list options, and other interface elements. Bolding interface elements makes it easy to distinguish them from the rest of the text. For example, you may wish to turn off the Force Windows to crash option. Window/dialog titles are typically not bolded, nor are OK buttons or error messages.

Italic

Introduces new terms, indicates website URLs, and sets apart file and folder names.

Italic is also used to highlight Chapter titles and, in some instances, to visually separate the topic of a list entry.

{Curly braces}

Denote user-defined elements in paths or filenames, e.g., C:\Users\{username}\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu.

“Quotation marks”

Are used sparingly in this book, and are typically used to set apart topic headings and emphasize new concepts. Note that if you see quotation marks around something you’re supposed to type, you should type the quotation marks as well (unless otherwise specified).

Path Notation

The following shorthand path notation is used sparingly to show you how to reach a given user-interface element or option. The path notation is always presented relative to a well-known location. For example, the following path:

Control PanelDate and Time Internet Time tab

means “Open Control Panel, then open Date and Time, and then choose the Internet Time tab.”

Keyboard shortcuts

When keyboard shortcuts are shown, a hyphen (such as Ctrl-Alt-Del) or a plus sign (Winkey+R) means that you should press the keys simultaneously.

Note

This is an example of a tip, often used to highlight a particularly useful hint or time-saving shortcut. Tips often point to related information elsewhere in the book.

Warning

This is an example of a warning, which alerts you to a potential pitfall of the solution or application being discussed. Warnings can also refer to a procedure that might be dangerous if not carried out in a specific way (or if not carried out at all).

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