Specifying Character Encoding
The W3C encourages authors to specify the character
encoding for all web documents, even those that use the default
UTF-8 Unicode encoding, but it is particularly critical if an alternate
encoding is used. There are several ways to declare the character
encoding for documents: in the HTTP header delivered by the server, in
the XML declaration (for XHTML and XML documents only), or in a meta element in the head of the document. This section looks at
each method and provides guidelines for their use.
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