Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, directories, Unix utilities, and general emphasis.

Constant width

Indicates computer code in a broad sense. This includes commands, options, switches, variables, attributes, keys, functions, types, classes, namespaces, methods, modules, properties, parameters, values, objects, events, event handlers, XML tags, HTML tags, macros, the contents of files, and the output from commands.

HTTP requests and responses are designated graphically as shown in the following example.

GET / HTTP/1.1 is an HTTP request header
HTTP/1.1 200 OK is an HTTP response header

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