Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, filenames, Unix utilities, and command-line options.

Constant width

Indicates the contents of files, the output from commands, and generally anything found in programs.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user, and parts of code or files highlighted for discussion.

Constant width italic

Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.

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